This comparative diagram contrasts cellular respiration and photosynthesis as complementary energy pathways. Aerobic respiration in mitochondria includes cytoplasmic glycolysis producing pyruvate, citric acid cycle generating electron carriers, and electron transport chain with oxidative phosphorylation producing ATP using oxygen. Chloroplast photosynthesis features light reactions on thylakoid membranes producing ATP and NADPH while releasing oxygen, and Calvin cycle in stroma fixing CO₂ into organic compounds. Perfect for biochemistry, plant physiology, and ecosystem energy flow studies.
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