This endoplasmic reticulum template analyzes the organelle's ultrastructure and protein transport functions. Rough ER with attached ribosomes synthesizes secretory and membrane proteins through signal peptide recognition and translocation, while smooth ER handles lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage. The diagram shows protein processing including N-glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, chaperone-assisted folding, quality control through ERAD, COPII vesicle transport to Golgi for further modification, and final sorting to destinations. Essential for cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry education.
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